Mediating Role of Exercise Self-Efficacy in the Relationship between Physical Activity and Mental Health among Adolescents: An Accelerometer-Based Study

Introduction: Research has extensively explored the link between physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH); however, the specific mechanisms that explain this relationship remain largely unclear. 
Objective: This research aims to explore the connections between PA and MH among adolescents, while also examining how exercise self-efficacy (ESE) may mediate these relationships.
Methods: This study utilized a descriptive-correlational methodology, employing structural equation modeling to analyze the data. A total of 384 adolescents (192 girls) with mean age of 16.52 years were recruited through convenience sampling. PA was assessed using a contemporary accelerometer, while MH and ESE were evaluated with standardized measurement tools. Data analysis was conducted using Smart PLS statistical software version 4.
Results: The results reveal a significant structural relationship between MH and ESE in the context of PA for MH (P=0.000, t=-10.24, and b=0.68), and for ESE (P=0.000, t=8.41, and b=0.53). Furthermore, there is a significant structural relationship between ESE and MH, indicated by P=0.000, t=-7.73, and b=0.46. Finally, the findings demonstrate that ESE plays a crucial mediating role in the correlation between PA and MH. This is evidenced by a p-value of 0.000, a t-value of 5.86, and a b coefficient of 0.18, highlighting the statistical significance of this relationship.
Conclusion: The findings provide essential guidance for enhancing the mental well-being of adolescents.  The findings of this research offer practical strategies for improving MH among adolescents.